it is also in Christ that God confers the blessing (4:32). Not as if = διὰ Χριστοῦ (Chrys.), as if Christ were merely the instrument. It answers the question, How? as the preceding clauses answered the questions, With what? and Where? the participle answering When? ἐν is omitted in a few cursive MSS., and in the edd. of Erasmus, Steph. 3, and Beza; but the omission is too slightly supported to deserve notice, except as accounting for the explanations of some commentators. 4. καθώς, frequent in
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